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According to the World Health Organization, medical masks should be worn by:

• Health workers in clinical settings
• Anyone feeling unwell (even people with mild symptoms) 
• Whoever awaits COVID-19 test results or has tested positive
• People who provide care to patients outside the healthcare setting
• Anyone belonging to higher risk groups (aged over 60 or with an underlying disease)

The rest of the general population can wear non-medical, fabric masks.

To protect oneself effectively, the World Health Organization recommends wearing masks made out of three layers: 

1. Inner layer: any absorbent material, such as cotton
2. Middle layer: non-woven, non-absorbent material, such as polypropylene
3. Outer layer: non-absorbent material as well, such as polyester or polyester blend

Generally speaking, any mask is better than no mask when appropriately used. However, the US Center for Disease Control recommends avoiding:

• Masks made of fabric that makes it hard to breathe, such as vinyl
• Masks with exhalation valves or vents – as they allow virus particles to escape
• Masks that are specially labelled as “surgical” N95 respirators because those should be prioritized for healthcare personnel

The best way to prevent the spread of infections and decrease the risk of getting sick is by washing your hands with plain soap and water, advises the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Wash your hands as often as possible with soap and water for at least 20 seconds – especially after going to the bathroom, before eating, and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing one’s nose. 

When soap and water are not available, it is advised to use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser that contains at least 60% alcohol.